BS EN 1935: 2002 - Single Axis Hinges

 

 

This standard provides details on product types, classification by use, test cycles, door mass, corrosion resistance, as well as definitions, product performance requirements, test apparatus, test methods and marking of products.

 

BS EN 1935 classifies door furniture by using an 8 digit coding system. A similar classification applies to all building hardware product standards so that complementary items of hardware can be specified to, for instance, a common level of corrosion resistance, category of use, etc. Each digit refers to a particular feature of the product measured against the standard's performance requirements.

 

Digit 1: Category of Use

 

Grade 1: Light Duty

Grade 2: Medium Duty

Grade 3: Heavy Duty

Grade 4: Severe Duty

 

Digit 2: Durability

 

Three grades are identified for single-axis hinges manufactured to this European standard:

 

Grade 3: 10,000 test cycles, for light duty hinges on windows

Grade 4: 25,000 test cycles, for light duty hinges on windows and doors

Grade 7: 200,000 test cycles, for medium, heavy and severe duty hinges on doors

 

Digit 3: Test Door Mass

 

Eight door mass grades related to single-axis hinges are identified in this European standard as shown in Table below

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Digit 4: Sustainability for Fire/Smoke Door Use

 

Grade 0: not suitable for fire/smoke resistant door assemblies

Grade 1: suitable for fire/smoke resistant door assemblies subject to satisfactory assessment of the

               contribution of the single-axis hinge to the fire resistance of the specified fire/smoke door

               assemblies.

 

Digit 5: Safety

 

Single-axis hinges are required to satisfy the essential requirements of safety in use.

Therefore, only Grade 1 is identified.

 

Digit 6: Corrosion Resistance

 

Five grades of corrosion resistance are identified in accordance with EN 1670:

 

Grade 0: No defined corrosion resistance.

Grade 1: Mild resistance.

Grade 2: Moderate resistance.

Grade 3: High resistance.

Grade 4: Very high resistance

 

Digit 7: Security

 

Two grades of security are identified for single-axis hinges:

 

Grade 0: not suitable for use on burglar-resistant door assemblies.

Grade 1: suitable for applications requiring a degree of security. Annex C of this European standard details

                the hinge grade to use for the level of security required.

 

Digit 8: Hinge Grade

 

Fourteen grades are identified in this European standard and are detailed in Table below. The full classification is shown in the standard.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Example:

 

 

 

 

The above marking denotes a single-axis hinge for use in medium duty situations, tested to 200 000 cycles, for use on doors with a mass up to 60 kg, with stated fire door suitability, satisfying the essential requirement of safety in use, high corrosion resistance, suitable for burglar-resistant doors and with a hinge grading of 10.

 

CE Mark

 

Single axis hinges intended for use on fire resisting doors and smoke control doors are covered by a Construction Products Directive mandate issued by the European Commission. Consequently, this standard is regarded as a “harmonised” standard and compliance with it, supported by suitable evidence, allows the application of the CE mark.

 

 

Number and Position of Hinges

 

It is recommended that at least 3 hinges should be used on fire and escape route doors. The following are examples of typical hinge positions:

 

1. Standard three hinge positioning. One hinge shall be positioned on the center line of the door height the other two hinges being at 250mm from the top and bottom edge of the door to the center line of the hinge. This hinge layout gives stability to the door.

 

2. Alternative three hinge positioning. With fire doors becoming heavier there is a practice to fit two hinges at the top of the door with the third hinge at the bottom of the door. With this configuration, hinges are positioned as follows: center line of the top and bottom hinge 250mm from the top and bottom edge of the door, the center line of the third hinge is 200mm from the center line of the top hinge.

 

3. For doors heavier than the recommended door mass, it may be possible to install 2 hinges on top and 2 hinges on bottom of the door as shown for improved load bearing capacity.

 

4. Four hinges equally spaced on tall doors as shown to give maximum resistance to warping.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Influence of Door Closer

 

Door closers put extra stress on the hinges of fire resistant and escape door sets. This has been addressed in BS EN 1935 and is covered in annex E.

 

For a standard door closer it is recommended that the door mass should be notionally increased by 20%. The effect of a back check door closer is greater and it is recommended that the door mass should be notionally increased by 75%.